Broadly speaking, the entire district is a part of the Punjab plain, but the area is not levelled, in some parts. Over most of the district, the soil is fine loam of rich colour. However, some areas has sandy soil and others are comprised of Kallar. The plain has a gradual slope to the south and east. The district may be roughly divided into three regions :-

1) The Khadar
Along the River Yamuna which is a narrow flood plain ranging from 2 to 4 miles in width and is formed by the river along its course. The Khader plain is 20 to 30 ft. lower adjoining upland plain. It is comprised of fine clay loam left by the receding floods of the Yamuna. Presently, rice and sugar cane cultivation is undertaken by the farmers in the Khadar area. Recently, the farmers have started planting Banana, Pappaya and other fruits trees in this area.

2) The Upland Plain
It consists of Sonipat tehsil lying to the west of the Khadar, and is the most extensive of the three regions: The Upland Plain is covered with old alluvium , which if properly irrigated,is highly productive. Extensive Farming of crops, oil seeds, horticultural plants, vegetables and flowers, is undertaken in this region. The ridges in Gohana tehsil represent the northern most extension of the Aravallis.

3) The Sandy Region
A very smaller part of the district is covered with soil comprising of sand or sandy loam. Parts of this region has high PH valuse leading kallor land.

The climate of District Sonipat is dry with an extremely hot summer and a cold winter. The weather becomes comparatively mild during the monsoon (period July to September). The post-monsoon months October and November constitute a transition period, prior to the onset of winter.

a) TEMPERATURE
The cold season starts towards the later half of November when day and night temperatures fall rapidly. January is the coldest month when the mean daily minimum temperature is 6 to 7 Degree Centigrade in the winter months. During ncold waves, the minimum temperature may go down to the freezing point of water, and frosts can occur. During the summer months of May and June, the maximum temperature sometimes reaches 47 Degree Centigrade. Temperature drops considerably with the advancement of monsoon in June. However, the night temperature during this period continues to be high.

b) HUMIDITY
Humidity is considerably low during the greater part of the year. The district experiences high humidity only during the monsoon period. The period of minimum humidity (less than 20%) is between April and May.

c) RAINFALL
The annual rainfall varies considerably from year to year. However, the maximum rainfall is experienced during the monsoon season, which reaches it's peak in the month of July. Infact, the monsoon period accounts for 75% of the annual rainfall in the district. On an average there are 24 days in a year with rainfall of 2.5 mm (or more) per day in district Sonipat.

d) WIND
During the monsoon,the sky is heavily clouded, and winds are strong in this period. Winds are generally light during the post-monsoon and winter months.

e) REGION SPECIFIC WHETHER PHENOMENA
Sonipat experiences a high incidence of thunder storms and dust storms, often accompanied by violent squalls (andhis) during the period April to June. Sometimes the thunder storm are being accompanied by heavy rain and occasionally by hail storms. In the winter months, fogs sometimes appear in the district.

District Sonipat, comprising of Sonipat, Gohana and Ganaur sub divisions, has 343 villages and covers an area of 2,13,080 hectares. The irrigated area (both with the help of canal irriagtion as well as through tubewells) is 2,86,504 acres and the un-irrigated rainfed area is 43,979 acres. Sonipat is an important saltpetre producing the district. The saltpetre appears as efflorescence on the surface during the summer season, specially in the village of Sonipat sub-division.

Water logging is a serious problem effecting theproductivity of land. The water logged area, which the water table is between 0 to 5 ft,faces a serious problem. Where the water table is between 5 to 10 ft.,the problem of water logging is imminent. There has been an alarming rise in the water table during the last two decades, Specially in the areas adjoining the canals. This has led to appearance of Thur on the surface of soil,followed by sem in several parts of the district, specially the areas adjoining the Yamuna and minor canals running through the district.

The soil in district Sonipat is rich and quite suitable for all types of agricultural crops as well as forest cover. The types of soil may be classified according to textures as :
1.Sandy(Raitali),
2.Sandy loam(Bhuri),
3.Loam(Rausli),
4.Clay loam(Karti) &
5. Clay(Dakar)

The main soil of the district is a good alluvial loam with sufficient moisture and is mostly rausli in texture.

Date of creation 22-12-1972
Administratative Structure

Sub Divisions	Tehsils	Blocks	Municipal Commities	Market Committies
Sonipat	Sonipat	Sonipat	Sonipat	Sonipat
		Rai
	Kharkhoda	Kharkhoda	Kharkhoda
Ganaur	Ganaur	Ganaur	Ganaur
Gohana	Gohana	Gohana	Gohana
		Mundlana
		Kathura

Total No. of Villages: 347
Inhabited 332
Uninhabited 15

Total Population: 1045158
Male 5,67,901
Female 4,77,257